KOCHI: A recent study by the School of Environmental Studies (Cusat), Salim Ali Centre for Ornithology and Natural History, and FLAME University has highlighted the alarming loss of green zones in Kochi and its suburbs over the last two decades.
The findings reveal a 126% surge in built-up areas across the taluks of Kanayannur, Kochi, Kunnathunad, Aluva, and North Paravur between 2001 and 2020, far exceeding the global average of 20%.
This urban expansion has drastically altered land use patterns, causing a 57.56% reduction in wetland areas and a 15% decline in croplands. These ecological zones have been replaced by commercial, industrial, educational, and residential developments, with severe environmental consequences.
Dr Preethi Chandran a faculty member of the School of Environmental Studies, Cusat, warns of worsening environmental degradation, noting that urbanization is contributing to increased pollution, which could lead to rising cases of lung diseases and allergies, particularly in children. “Our water bodies are now heavily polluted with heavy metals due to industrial discharge,” she said, adding that the loss of green cover is exacerbating ecological imbalances.
Among the many indicators of declining biodiversity is the near-extinction of the Soapnut tree (Sapindus trifoliatus), which was once common in the region.
The study found that 75% of these trees have vanished in just two decades, primarily due to habitat loss caused by urban development. Only 50 live trees remain across the five taluks, with most surviving in private spaces such as sacred groves, farms, and gardens.
The situation is most dire in Kanayannur taluk, which experienced the highest rate of urbanization and loss of tree cover. However, it still retains the largest population of remaining Soapnut trees.
